Wilson JD, Morris AJ, Arroyo BE, Clark SC, Bradbury RB: A review of the abundance and diversity of invertebrate and plant foods of granivorous birds in northern Europe in relation to agricultural change. Agric Ecosyst Environ 1999, 75: 13–30.
Article
Google Scholar
Carson R: Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 1962.
Google Scholar
Kleijn D, Kohler F, Baldi A, Batary P, Concepcion ED, Clough Y, Diaz M, Gabriel D, Holzschuh A, Knop E, et al.: On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci 2009, 276: 903–909.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Krebs JR, Wilson JD, Bradbury RB, Siriwardena GM: The second silent spring. Nature 1999, 400: 611–612.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Robinson RA, Sutherland WJ: Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain. J Appl Ecol 2002, 39: 157–176.
Article
Google Scholar
Scherr SJ, McNeely JA: Biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability: towards a new paradigm of ‘ecoagriculture’ landscapes. Philos T R soc B 2008, 363: 477–494.
Article
Google Scholar
Chamberlain DE, Fuller RJ, Bunce RGH, Duckworth JC, Shrubb M: Changes in the abundance of farmland birds in relation to the timing of agricultural intensification in England and Wales. J Appl Ecol 2000, 37: 771–788.
Article
Google Scholar
Altieri MA: The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 1999, 74: 19–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Bianchi F, Booij CJH, Tscharntke T: Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes: a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci 2006, 273: 1715–1727.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Carvalheiro LG, Veldtman R, Shenkute AG, Tesfay GB, Pirk CWW, Donaldson JS, Nicolson SW: Natural and within-farmland biodiversity enhances crop productivity. Ecol Lett 2011, 14: 251–259.
Article
Google Scholar
DeHaan LR, Weisberg S, Tilman D, Fornara D: Agricultural and biofuel implications of a species diversity experiment with native perennial grassland plants. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2010, 137: 33–38.
Article
Google Scholar
Isbell F, Calcagno V, Hector A, Connolly J, Harpole WS, Reich PB, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Tilman D, van Ruijven J, et al.: High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services. Nature 2011, 477: 199–202.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kleijn D, Sutherland WJ: How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity. J Appl Ecol 2003, 40: 947–969.
Article
Google Scholar
Aviron S, Nitsch H, Jeanneret P, Buholzer S, Luka H, Pfiffner L, Pozzi S, Schupbach B, Walter T, Herzog F: Ecological cross compliance promotes farmland biodiversity in Switzerland. Front Ecol Environ 2009, 7: 247–252.
Article
Google Scholar
Gay SH, Osterburg B, Baldock D, Zdanowicz A: Recent evolution of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): state of play and environmental potential. Research report MEACAP WP6-D4b 2005 Available at:
. http://www.ieep.eu/assets/224/WP6D4B_CAP.pdf
Herzog F, Dreier S, Hofer G, Marfurt C, Schüpbach B, Spiess M, Walter T: Effect of ecological compensation areas on floristic and breeding bird diversity in Swiss agricultural landscapes. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2005, 108: 189–204.
Article
Google Scholar
Parr TW, Way JM: Management of roadside vegetation: the long-term effects of cutting. J Appl Ecol 1988, 25: 1073–1087.
Article
Google Scholar
Bakker JP, Elzinga JA, de Vries Y: Effects of long-term cutting in a grassland system: perspectives for restoration of plant communities on nutrient-poor soils. Appl Veg Sci 2002, 5: 107–120.
Google Scholar
Smith RS, Shiel RS, Millward D, Corkhill P: The interactive effects of management on the productivity and plant community structure of an upland meadow: an 8-year field trial. J Appl Ecol 2000, 37: 1029–1043.
Article
Google Scholar
Smith RS, Shiel RS, Millward D, Corkhill P, Sanderson RA: Soil seed banks and the effects of meadow management on vegetation change in a 10-year meadow field trial. J Appl Ecol 2002, 39: 279–293.
Article
Google Scholar
Morris MG, Rispin WE: Abundance and diversity of the coleopterous fauna of a calcareous grassland under different cutting régimes. J Appl Ecol 1987, 24: 451–465.
Article
Google Scholar
Völkl W, Zwölfer H, Romstöck-Völkl M, Schmelzer C: Habitat management in calcareous grasslands, effects on the insect community developing in flower heads of Cynarea. J Appl Ecol 1993, 30: 307–315.
Article
Google Scholar
Erhardt A: Diurnal Lepidoptera: sensitive indicators of cultivated and abandoned grassland. J Appl Ecol 1985, 22: 849–861.
Article
Google Scholar
Feber RE, Smith H, Macdonald DW: The effects on butterfly abundance of the management of uncropped edges of arable fields. J Appl Ecol 1996, 33: 1191–1205.
Article
Google Scholar
Valtonen A, Saarinen K: A highway intersection as an alternative habitat for a meadow butterfly: effect of mowing, habitat geometry and roads on the ringlet ( Aphantopus hyperantus ). Ann Zool Fenn 2005, 42: 545–556.
Google Scholar
Humbert J-Y, Ghazoul J, Richner N, Walter T: Hay harvesting causes high orthopteran mortality. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2010, 139: 522–527.
Article
Google Scholar
Humbert J-Y, Ghazoul J, Sauter GJ, Walter T: Impact of different meadow mowing techniques on field invertebrates. J Appl Entomol 2010, 134: 592–599.
Google Scholar
Thorbek P, Bilde T: Reduced numbers of generalist arthropod predators after crop management. J Appl Ecol 2004, 41: 526–538.
Article
Google Scholar
Grime JP: Plant Strategies, Vegetation Processes, and Ecosystem Properties. 2nd edition. Chichester: John Wiley; 2001.
Google Scholar
Gardiner T, Hassall M: Does microclimate affect grasshopper populations after cutting of hay in improved grassland? J Insect Conserv 2009, 13: 97–102.
Article
Google Scholar
Valtonen A, Saarinen K, Jantunen J: Effect of different mowing regimes on butterflies and diurnal moths on road verges. Anim Bio Conserv 2006, 29: 133–148.
Google Scholar
Knop E, Kleijn D, Herzog F, Schmid B: Effectiveness of the Swiss agri-environment scheme in promoting biodiversity. J Appl Ecol 2006, 43: 120–127.
Article
Google Scholar
Morris MG: The effects of structure and its dynamics on the ecology and conservation of arthropods in British grassland. Biol Conserv 2000, 95: 129–142.
Article
Google Scholar
Koller N, Pearson S, Pozzi S, Godat S, Herzog F, Wermeille E: Evaluation des mesures de compensation écologique sur la diversité de la flore et des papillons dans la région de Nuvilly-Combremont. Revue suisse Agric 2000, 32: 265–271.
Google Scholar
Pozzi S: Evaluation des mesures de compensation écologique dans la région de Nuvilly-Combremont par le biais des araignées. Revue suisse Agric 2004, 36: 57–64.
Google Scholar
Arlettaz R: Feeding behaviour and foraging strategy of free-living mouse-eared bats, Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii. Anim Behav 1996, 51: 1–11.
Article
Google Scholar
Hoste-Danylow A, Romanowski J, Zmihorski M: Effects of management on invertebrates and birds in extensively used grassland of Poland. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2010, 139: 129–133.
Article
Google Scholar
Tyler GA, Green RE, Casey C: Survival and behaviour of Corncrake Crex crex chicks during the mowing of agricultural grassland. Bird Stud 1998, 45: 35–50.
Article
Google Scholar
Tscharntke T, Klein AM, Kruess A, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C: Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - ecosystem service management. Ecol Lett 2005, 8: 857–874.
Article
Google Scholar
Collaboration for Environmental Evidence: Guidelines for Systematic Review in Environmental Management. Version 4.0. Environmental Evidence 2010. . www.environmentalevidence.org/Authors.htm
Google Scholar
Pellet J, Wunderlin J: Does delaying the first mowing date increase biodiversity in European farmland meadows? CEE protocol 09–011 (SR72). Collaboration for Environmental Evidence 2009. . www.environmentalevidence.org/SR72.html
Google Scholar
Pullin AS, Stewart GB: Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management. Conserv Biol 2006, 20: 1647–1656.
Article
Google Scholar
Pullin AS, Knight TM: Support for decision making in conservation practice: an evidence-based approach. J Nat Conserv 2003, 11: 83–90.
Article
Google Scholar
Prieto-Benitez S, Mendez M: Effects of land management on the abundance and richness of spiders (Araneae): A meta-analysis. Biol Conserv 2011, 144: 683–691.
Article
Google Scholar
Barrientos R, Alonso JC, Ponce C, Palacin C: Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of marked wire in reducing avian collisions with power lines. Conserv Biol 2011, 25: 893–903.
Article
Google Scholar
Gurevitch J, Curtis PS, Jones MH: Meta-analysis in ecology. Adv Ecol Res 2001, 32: 199–247.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gurevitch J, Hedges LV: Meta-analysis: combining the results of independent experiments. In Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments. 2nd edition. Edited by: Scheiner SM, Gurevitch J. New York: Chapman and Hall; 2001:347–369.
Google Scholar
Viechtbauer W: Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Softw 2010, 36: 1–48.
Article
Google Scholar
Perera R: Interpreting meta-analyses in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med 2009, 13: 67–69.
Google Scholar
Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR: Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester: Wiley; 2009.
Book
Google Scholar
Johnson JB, Omland KS: Model selection in ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2004, 19: 101–108.
Article
Google Scholar
R Development Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2011.
Google Scholar
Ryser P, Langenauer R, Gigon A: Species Richness and Vegetation Structure in a Limestone Grassland after 15 Years Management with Six Biomass Removal Regimes. Folia Geobot Phytotax 1995, 30: 157–167.
Article
Google Scholar
Köhler B, Gigon A, Edwards PJ, Krüsi B, Langenauer R, Lüscher A, Ryser P: Changes in the species composition and conservation value of limestone grasslands in Northern Switzerland after 22 years of contrasting managements. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 2005, 7: 51–67.
Article
Google Scholar
Bissels S, Holzel N, Otte N: Population structure of the threatened perennial Serratula tinctoria in relation to vegetation and management. Appl Veg Sci 2004, 7: 267–274.
Google Scholar
Hegland SJ, Van Leeuwen M, Oostermeijer JGB: Population structure of Salvia pratensis in relation to vegetation and management of Dutch dry floodplain grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2001, 38: 1277–1289.
Article
Google Scholar
Smith RS, Pullan S, Shiel RS: Seed shed in the making of hay from mesotrophic grassland in a field in northern England: Effects of hay cut date, grazing and fertilizer in a split-split-plot experiment. J Appl Ecol 1996, 33: 833–841.
Article
Google Scholar
Cop J, Vidrih M, Hacin J: Influence of cutting regime and fertilizer application on the botanical composition, yield and nutritive value of herbage of wet grasslands in Central Europe. Grass Forage Sci 2009, 64: 454–465.
Article
Google Scholar
Morris MG: Responses of grassland invertebrates to management by cutting. II. Heteroptera. J Appl Ecol 1979, 16: 417–432.
Article
Google Scholar
Morris MG: Responses of grassland invertebrates to management by cutting. III. Adverse effects on Auchenorhyncha. J Appl Ecol 1981, 18: 107–123.
Article
Google Scholar
Tilman D, Downing JA: Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 1994, 367: 363–365.
Article
Google Scholar
Cattin M-F, Blandenier G, Banašek-Richter C, Bersier L-F: The impact of mowing as a management strategy for wet meadows on spider (Araneae) communities. Biol Conserv 2003, 113: 179–188.
Article
Google Scholar
Bobbink R, Willems JH: Impact of different cutting regimes on the performance of Brachypodium pinnatum in Dutch chalk grassland. Biol Conserv 1991, 56: 1–21.
Article
Google Scholar
Dennis P, Young MR, Gordon IJ: Distribution and abundance of small insects and arachnids in relation to structural heterogeneity of grazed, indigenous grasslands. Ecol Entomol 1998, 23: 253–264.
Article
Google Scholar
Woodcock BA, Potts SG, Tscheulin T, Pilgrim E, Ramsey AJ, Harrison-Cripps J, Brown VK, Tallowin JR: Responses of invertebrate trophic level, feeding guild and body size to the management of improved grassland field margins. J Appl Ecol 2009, 46: 920–929.
Article
Google Scholar
Humbert J-Y, Ghazoul J, Walter T: Meadow harvesting techniques and their impacts on field fauna. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2009, 130: 1–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Reinhardt K, Kohler G, Maas S, Detzel P: Low dispersal ability and habitat specificity promote extinctions in rare but not in widespread species: the Orthoptera of Germany. Ecography 2005, 28: 593–602.
Article
Google Scholar
Walter T, Schneider K, Gonseth Y: Schnittzeitpunkt in Ökowiesen: Einfluss auf die Fauna. Agrarforschung 2007, 14: 114–119.
Google Scholar
Klimek S, Kemmermann ARG, Hofmann M, Isselstein J: Plant species richness and composition in managed grasslands: The relative importance of field management and environmental factors. Biol Conserv 2007, 134: 559–570.
Article
Google Scholar
Britschgi A, Spaar R, Arlettaz R: Impact of grassland farming intensification on the breeding ecology of an indicator insectivorous passerine, the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra : Lessons for overall Alpine meadowland management. Biol Conserv 2006, 130: 193–205.
Article
Google Scholar
Kruess A, Tscharntke T: Contrasting responses of plant and insect diversity to variation in grazing intensity. Biol Conserv 2002, 106: 293–302.
Article
Google Scholar
Wettstein W, Schmid B: Conservation of arthropod diversity in montane wetlands: effect of altitude, habitat quality and habitat fragmentation on butterflies and grasshoppers. J Appl Ecol 1999, 36: 363–373.
Article
Google Scholar
Dover JW, Rescia A, Fungariño S, Fairburn J, Carey P, Lunt P, Dennis RLH, Dover CJ: Can hay harvesting detrimentally affect adult butterfly abundance? J Insect Conserv 2010, 14: 413–418.
Article
Google Scholar
Marini L, Fontana P, Battisti A, Gaston KJ: Agricultural management, vegetation traits and landscape drive orthopteran and butterfly diversity in a grassland-forest mosaic: a multi-scale approach. Insect Conserv Diver 2009, 2: 213–220.
Article
Google Scholar
Schmidt MH, Rocker S, Hanafi J, Gigon A: Rotational fallows as overwintering habitat for grassland arthropods: the case of spiders in fen meadows. Biodiversity Conserv 2008, 17: 3003–3012.
Article
Google Scholar
Humbert J-Y, Ghazoul J, Richner N, Walter T: Uncut grass refuges mitigate the impact of mechanical meadow harvesting on orthopterans. Biol Conserv 2012, 152: 96–101.
Article
Google Scholar
Cizek O, Zamecnik J, Tropek R, Kocarek P, Konvicka M: Diversification of mowing regime increases arthropods diversity in species-poor cultural hay meadows. J Insect Conserv 2012, 16: 215–226.
Article
Google Scholar
Zechmeister HG, Schmitzberger I, Steurer B, Peterseil J, Wrbka T: The influence of land-use practices and economics on plant species richness in meadows. Biol Conserv 2003, 114: 165–177.
Article
Google Scholar
Helden AJ, Leather SR: Biodiversity on urban roundabouts-Hemiptera, management and the species-area relationship. Basic Appl Ecol 2004, 5: 367–377.
Article
Google Scholar
Blake RJ, Woodcock BA, Ramsay AJ, Pilgrim ES, Brown VK, Tallowin JR, Potts SG: Novel margin management to enhance Auchenorrhyncha biodiversity in intensive grasslands. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2011, 140: 506–513.
Article
Google Scholar
Olsson O, Brady M, Hart R: Optimal delay of harvest – implications for bird populations and economic compensation. Asp Appl Biol 2010, 100: 1–8.
Google Scholar
Green RE: Factors affecting the population density of the corncrake Crex crex in Britain and Ireland. J Appl Ecol 1996, 33: 237–248.
Article
Google Scholar
Müller M, Spaar R, Schifferli L, Jenni L: Effects of changes in farming of subalpine meadows on a grassland bird, the whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ). J Ornithology 2005, 146: 14–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Bretagnolle V, Villers A, Denonfoux L, Cornulier T, Inchausti P, Badenhausser I: Rapid recovery of a depleted population of Little Bustards Tetrax tetrax following provision of alfalfa through an agri-environment scheme. Ibis 2011, 153: 4–13.
Article
Google Scholar
Nocera JJ, Parsons GJ, Milton GR, Fredeen AH: Compatibility of delayed cutting regime with bird breeding and hay nutritional quality. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2005, 107: 245–253.
Article
Google Scholar
Haddad NM, Haarstad J, Tilman D: The effects of long-term nitrogen loading on grassland insect communities. Oecologia 2000, 124: 73–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Littlewood NA, Stewart AJ, Woodcock BA: Science into practice – how can fundamental science contribute to better management of grasslands for invertebrates? Insect Conserv Diver 2012, 5: 1–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Schmidt MH, Roschewitz I, Thies C, Tscharntke T: Differential effects of landscape and management on diversity and density of ground-dwelling farmland spiders. J Appl Ecol 2005, 42: 281–287.
Article
Google Scholar
Beltman B, van den Broek T, Martin W, ten Cate M, Gusewell S: Impact of mowing regime on species richness and biomass of a limestone hay meadow in Ireland. Bull Geobot Inst ETH 2003, 69: 17–30.
Google Scholar
Fenner M, Palmer L: Grassland management to promote diversity: creation of a patchy sward by mowing and fertiliser regimes. Field Stud 1998, 9: 313–324.
Google Scholar
Hellstrom K, Huhta AP, Rautio P, Tuomi J: Search for optimal mowing regime - slow community change in a restoration trial in northern Finland. Ann Bot Fenn 2006, 43: 338–348.
Google Scholar
Kirkham FW, Tallowin JRB: The influence of cutting date and previous fertilizer treatment on the productivity and botanical composition of species-rich hay meadows on the Somerset Levels. Grass Forage Sci 1995, 50: 365–377.
Article
Google Scholar
Marriott CA, Bolton GR, Fisher JM: Changes in species composition of abandoned sown swards after imposing seasonal cutting treatments. Grass Forage Sci 2003, 58: 37–49.
Article
Google Scholar
Smith RS, Buckingham H, Bullard MJ, Shiel RS, Younger A: The conservation management of mesotrophic (meadow) grassland in northern England .1. Effects of grazing, cutting date and fertilizer on the vegetation of a traditionally managed sward. Grass Forage Sci 1996, 51: 278–291.
Article
Google Scholar
Woodcock BA, Potts SG, Pilgrim E, Ramsay AJ, Tscheulin T, Parkinson A, Smith REN, Gundrey AL, Brown VK, Tallowin JR: The potential of grass field margin management for enhancing beetle diversity in intensive livestock farms. J Appl Ecol 2007, 44: 60–69.
Article
Google Scholar
Oomes MJM, Mooi H: The effect of cutting and fertilizing on the floristic composition and production of an Arrhenatherion elatioris grassland. Vegetatio 1981, 46–7: 233–239.
Article
Google Scholar
Selinger-Looten R, Muller S: Restoration of grassland in old maize-cultivated land: impact of mowing and role of soil seed bank. Revue D Ecologie-La Terre Et La Vie 2001, 56: 3–19.
Google Scholar
Potts SG, Woodcock BA, Roberts SPM, Tscheulin T, Pilgrim ES, Brown VK, Tallowin JR: Enhancing pollinator biodiversity in intensive grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2009, 46: 369–379.
Article
Google Scholar